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SAFIRUL este o varietate de corindon de culoare albastra, transparenta. Este folosit ca piatra preţioasa.

Safirul se gaseste in roci vulcanice si metamorfice, precum si in sedimente aluviale

Descriere: duritate 9 Mohs; greutate specifica 3,95 – 4,03; indice de refractie 1,762 – 1,778.

RUBINUL este o varietate de corindon foarte dur, de culoare rosie, care se gaseste in natura cristalizata sau se obtine sintetic. Este folosit ca piatra pretioasa.

Rubinul se gaseste in roci vulcanice si metamorfice, precum si in sedimente aluviale.

Descriere: duritate 9 Mohs; greutate specifica 3,97 – 4,05; indice de refractie 1,762 – 1,778.

SMARALDUL este o varietate de beril, de culoare verde, foarte transparenta, cu un luciu sticlos. Este folosit ca piatra pretioasa.

Smaraldul se gaseste in granituri si pegmatite, precum si in depozitele aluviale (in prundisuri).

Descriere: duritate 7,5 – 8 Mohs; greutate specifica 2,69 – 2,80; indice de refractie 1,57 – 1,59.

Scala lui Mohs este o scara de la 1 la 10 care indica duritatea unei pietre in functie de rezistenta ei la zgariere, slefuire, tocire sau prin utilizare repetata.